Mantenimiento diario de la excavadora

The purpose of regular maintenance is to reduce the failure of the machine and extend the service life of the machine. Reduce machine downtime; Improve work efficiency and reduce operating costs. As long as fuel, oil, water and air are well managed, failures can be reduced by 70%. In fact, about 70% of failures are due to poor management.
1. Fuel management
Different grades of diesel should be selected according to different ambient temperatures; Diesel oil can not be mixed with impurities, lime soil and water, otherwise it will cause premature wear of the fuel pump; The high content of paraffin and sulfur in inferior fuel will cause damage to the engine. The fuel tank should be filled with fuel after daily operation to prevent water droplets from the inner wall of the tank; Open the water drain valve at the bottom of the fuel tank before daily operation; After the engine fuel is used up or the filter element is replaced, the air in the road must be drained
2 Lubricating oil management
The use of lubricating oil (butter) can reduce the wear of the moving surface and prevent noise. Grease shall not be mixed with dust, sand, water and other impurities when stored. Lithium base grease G2-L1, good anti-wear performance, suitable for heavy load conditions; When filling, try to squeeze out all the old oil and wipe it clean to prevent sand adhesion.
3. Maintenance of filter element
The filter element plays the role of filtering impurities in the oil or gas path to prevent it from intruding into the system and causing failure; Various filter elements should be replaced regularly according to the requirements of the (operation and maintenance manual); When replacing the filter element, check whether there is metal attached to the old filter element, if there are metal particles found in time to diagnose and take improvement measures; Use pure filter element in accordance with the regulations of the machine. The filtration capacity of the fake filter element is poor, and the surface of the filter layer and the quality of the material do not meet the requirements, which will seriously affect the normal use of the machine.
4. Contents of regular maintenance
① The fuel filter and additional fuel filter should be replaced after the new machine works for 250H; Check the clearance of the engine valve.
② Daily maintenance; Check, clean or replace the air filter element; Clean the inside of the cooling system; Check and tighten the track plate bolts; Check and adjust track tension; Check the intake heater; Replace the bucket teeth; Adjusting bucket clearance; Check the front window cleaning liquid level; Check and adjust air conditioning; Cleaning the cab floor; Replace crusher filter element (optional). When cleaning the inside of the cooling system, after the engine is fully cooled, slowly loosen the water injection port cover to release the internal pressure of the water tank, and then the water can be released; Do not clean while the engine is working, high-speed rotating fans will cause danger; When cleaning or changing the coolant, the machine should be parked on a level ground; Coolant and corrosion preventer to be replaced.
③ Check items before starting the engine. Check the liquid level height of the coolant (add water); Check engine oil level, add oil; Check the fuel level (add fuel); Check the hydraulic oil level (add hydraulic oil); Check whether the air filter element is blocked; Check the wires; Check whether the horn is normal; Check the lubrication of the bucket; Check the water and sediment in the oil-water separator. ④ Every 100 maintenance items. Boom cylinder head pin shaft; Boom foot pin; Boom cylinder rod end; Bucket rod cylinder head pin shaft; Boom, bucket rod connecting pin; Bucket rod cylinder cylinder rod end; Bucket cylinder head pin; Half rod connecting pin; Bucket rod, bucket cylinder rod end; Bucket cylinder head pin; Bucket rod connecting rod connecting pin; Check the oil level in the box of the rotating mechanism (add oil); Discharge water and sediment from the fuel tank.
⑤ Every 250H maintenance project. Check the oil level in the final transmission box (add gear oil); Check the battery electrolyte; Replace the oil in the engine oil pan and replace the engine filter element; Lubricate slewing supports (2 places); Check the tension of the fan belt, and check the tension of the air conditioning compressor belt, and adjust.
⑥ Every 500h maintenance items. Simultaneously carry out maintenance projects every 100 and 250H; Replace the fuel filter element; Check the height of the rotary pinion grease (add grease); Check and clean radiator fins, oil cooler fins and cold cooler fins; Replace the hydraulic oil filter element; Change the oil in the final transmission box (only for the first time at 500h, and once after 1000h); Clean the air filter elements inside and outside the air conditioner system; Replace the hydraulic oil vent filter element.
⑦ Every 1000h maintenance project. Simultaneous maintenance projects every 100, 250 and 500h; Change the oil in the rotating mechanism box; Check the oil level of the shock absorber housing (oil return); Check all fasteners of the turbocharger; Check the clearance of turbocharger rotor; Generator belt tension check and replacement; Replace the anti-corrosion filter element; Replace the oil in the final transmission box.
⑧ Maintenance items per 2000h. First complete maintenance projects every 100, 250, 500 and 1000h; Cleaning hydraulic oil tank filter screen; Clean and check the turbocharger; Check the generator and start the motor; Check engine valve clearance (and adjust); Check the shock absorber.
⑨ More than 4000h maintenance. Increase the inspection of the pump every 4000h; Increase hydraulic oil replacement items every 5000h.
⑩ Long-term storage. When the machine is stored for a long time, in order to prevent the hydraulic cylinder piston rod from rusting, the working device should be placed on the ground; The whole machine is washed and dried and stored in a dry environment indoors; If the conditions can only be stored outdoors, the machine should be parked on a well-drained cement floor; Before storage, fill the fuel tank, lubricate all parts, replace the hydraulic oil and oil, apply a thin layer of butter to the exposed metal surface of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, remove the negative terminal of the battery, or remove the battery for separate storage; Add the appropriate proportion of antifreeze to the cooling water according to the lowest ambient temperature; Start the engine once a month and operate the machine in order to lubricate the moving parts and charge the battery; Turn on the air conditioner and run for 5-10min.
The use of excavator maintenance precautions
1. Excavator maintenance is a fixed asset with large economic investment, in order to improve its service life and obtain greater economic benefits, the equipment must be fixed, fixed, fixed positions, and clear responsibilities. When it is necessary to transfer, the equipment should be disclosed.
2. After the excavator maintenance enters the construction site, the driver should first observe the geology of the working face and the surrounding environment, and there should be no obstacles within the rotation radius of the excavator maintenance, so as not to cause scratches or damage to the vehicle.
3. After the machine is started, no personnel are allowed to stand in the bucket, on the shovel arm and on the track to ensure safe production.
4. In the work of excavator maintenance, it is prohibited for any personnel to stay or walk within the radius of rotation or under the bucket, and non-drivers shall not enter the cab to touch and move, and shall not bring training drivers to avoid damage to electrical equipment.
5. When the excavator is being repaired, the driver should first observe and sound the siren, and then move to avoid safety accidents caused by someone on the mechanical side. The position after the excavator is moved should ensure that there is no obstacle in the space of the rotation radius of the excavator maintenance, and illegal operation is strictly prohibited.
6. After the end of the work, the Xinyi excavator should be moved away from the low-lying area or the edge of the geosyncline (trench), parked on the level, closed the doors and Windows and locked.
Seven. The driver must do a good job of daily maintenance, overhaul and maintenance of the equipment, make a good daily record in the use of the equipment, find that there is a problem with the vehicle, can not work with illness, and report the repair in time.
8. The cab must be clean and tidy, and the body surface must be clean, dust free and oil free. Get into the habit of cleaning your car after work.
9. The driver should timely do a good job of daily shift records, do a good job of the day's work content statistics, do a good job of the project or zero items in a timely manner, and make records for the use of checkout.
10. Drivers are strictly forbidden to drink alcohol at noon and drink driving during work, if found to be given economic penalties, the economic losses caused by their own responsibility. 11. For man-made vehicle damage, it is necessary to analyze the causes, find the problems, distinguish responsibilities, and carry out economic penalties according to the severity of responsibilities.
12. It is necessary to establish a high sense of responsibility, ensure safe production, seriously do a good job in communication and service with the construction side, do a good job in bilateral relations, establish a good work style, and work hard for the development and efficiency of the enterprise.
13. Excavator maintenance operation is a special operation, and special operation operation certificate is required to drive excavator maintenance operation